Even amid the full-scale war with Russia, Ukraine remains among the world’s top 20 steel producers. Metallurgy continues to be one of the key revenue-generating sectors of the economy, employing tens of thousands of people and supporting a broad industrial ecosystem.
“The backbone of Ukraine’s steel industry today consists of six key enterprises: fully integrated plants — Metinvest’s Zaporizhstal and Kametstal, as well as ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih — along with steelmaking facilities Interpipe Steel, DMZ, and Dniprospetsstal,” the publication notes.
According to journalists, all of these plants are operating under significant security risks and economic constraints. For example, Zaporizhstal resumed production after halting operations at the start of the full-scale invasion. It is now capable of producing up to 4 million tonnes of pig iron and 3.6 million tonnes of hot-rolled products annually. The plant employs around 8,500 people, more than 1,300 of whom have been mobilized into the Defense Forces.
The war has had a major impact on the sector: Ukraine has lost part of its production capacity, including the Azovstal and Illich Iron and Steel Works plants in Mariupol. Logistics have also been disrupted due to the blockade of seaports, forcing companies to shift exports to overland routes.
“About 60% of production is currently exported, mainly to EU countries. At the same time, the domestic market is gradually recovering due to reconstruction needs,” said Andrii Hlushchenko, an analyst at GMK Center.
Despite these challenges, the industry continues to operate thanks to its own raw material base: Ukraine has significant iron ore reserves, allowing it to sustain the metallurgical cycle even during wartime.
Experts note that metallurgy will play a key role in Ukraine’s post-war recovery, as demand for steel in housing, bridges, and transport infrastructure is expected to grow.
Last year, the metallurgical sector accounted for 15.2% of Ukraine’s export revenues ($6.4 billion). Key exports included iron ore ($2.8 billion) and steel ($2.4 billion). The mining and metals sector also generated nearly 20% of total capital investment in Ukraine’s industry in 2024. Meanwhile, the largest companies in the sector — Metinvest, ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih, Interpipe, DCH Steel, and Ferrexpo — collectively paid nearly $1 billion in taxes.