Journalists at the Financial Times have uncovered a network of nearly 50 companies exporting sanctioned Russian oil while concealing its origin. According to the report, Rosneft has been the most meticulous in organizing such schemes. The company came under U.S. sanctions in October 2025. Following their introduction, a previously little-known firm, Redwood Global Supply, became the largest exporter of Russian crude.
Redwood and other firms in the smuggling network are linked to Azerbaijani businessmen who closely cooperate with Rosneft.
According to the newspaper, 48 “independent” companies operating at different physical addresses appear to jointly participate in Russia’s shadow fleet operations. All of them use the same private email server.
The FT identified 442 web domains whose registration data show they all rely on a single email server — mx.phoenixtrading.ltd.
The publication then matched domain names with companies listed in Russian and Indian customs documents as being involved in transporting Russian oil. For example, foxton-fzco.com corresponds to Dubai-based Foxton FZCO, which exported $5.6 billion worth of oil from Russia. In total, companies in the network exported more than $90 billion worth of Russian crude.
The actual volumes are likely higher: customs data are incomplete, and the FT took a conservative approach in identifying companies and calculating shipments to avoid double counting.
Among the listed firms is Coral Energy, owned by Azerbaijani businessman Tahir Garayev, who is under UK sanctions. The domain TahirQarayev.com also used the same mail service. The domains bellatrix-energy.com and nord-axis.com correspond to Bellatrix Energy and Nord Axis, which are included on the EU sanctions list.
A key figure in the network is another Azerbaijani businessman, Etibar Eyub, who used the domain EEOffice.com. Rosneft CEO Igor Sechin reportedly provided Eyub and Garayev with “privileged access” to the company’s products.
The organizers divided the firms into two groups: tankers belonging to one group are used to purchase oil cargoes in Russia, while the other group handles sales in Indian and Chinese markets. Only two companies appear in both Indian and Russian customs documents.
Two traders familiar with the Russian oil market told the FT they believe trading through Redwood is conducted by Eyub.
The use of dozens of shell companies is an old tactic dating back to the 1990s, experts at the Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center noted.
